What Are The Diagnostic Methods For Bee Diseases?
There are two kinds: clinical diagnosis (i.e. on-site diagnosis) and laboratory diagnosis.
The former is only applicable to diseases with typical disease characteristics and can be identified by the naked eye, such as cyst disease, acarid, wasp, nest worm, chalky disease, etc. It has great limitations. Laboratory diagnosis must be carried out for some diseases without specific characteristics. The methods are as follows:
(1) Microscopic examination, such as microscopic examination of microsporidia and fungi;
(2) Physiological and biochemical methods, according to the physiological and metabolic characteristics of the pathogen for diagnosis. For example, to detect whether gas and acid are produced during bacterial culture, whether catalase is produced, whether lactose and other characteristics can be used, the accuracy is high, but only purified pathogens can be identified, the test time is long, there are many items, and the operation is troublesome;
(3) Serological method refers to the diagnosis of viruses, bacteria and other microbial pathogens based on the characteristics of neutralizing reaction generated by specific combination of antigen and antibody. It is characterized by high specificity, but requires a prepared antiserum, otherwise it cannot be identified.
(4) PCR (polymerase chain reaction) diagnosis (or gene diagnosis): The detection based on the specific nucleic acid sequence of the pathogen has high accuracy and can be used to determine various pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. PCR instrument and other equipment are required, and the requirements for instruments and equipment are high.
