How to prevent sporozoites?
Before that, we must first understand what is sporozoite, which is an adult bee disease that causes crawling bee disease. It is a common disease of Western honeybees. Many bee farms suffer from this disease to varying degrees, and it is difficult to cure. Due to the differences in the management of the four seasons, prevention and treatment and other measures of each bee farm, the incidence of disease has its own light and heavy, and the severe cases weaken the colony and affect the production.
The incentives for the outbreak of sporozoites are that the site has little sunshine all the year round, the location is low-lying and humid, the surrounding environment is dirty, the water source is unclean, the boxes, nests, etc. The humidity in the box is too large, and the prevention and control are negligent. Especially in the long-term low temperature and rainy weather, the bee colony cannot fly and excrete, and it is easy to cause sporozoites. Seasonally, the disease is more common in early spring, late autumn and early winter. The adult bees of the diseased colony keep crawling out of the box, a few heads and tails are slightly darker, most of them have the same coat color, most are fasting, a few are big belly, fluttering wings, unable to fly, crawling around, dead bees everywhere, shocking, swarming Rapid decline, and even weaker groups.
So how do we prevent sporozoites?
First, the site should be located in the north facing south, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, and the terrain should be high rather than low. The beehive should be placed 20-30 cm above the ground, and the feet of the box should be properly padded with bricks, benches or wooden stakes. The large cover of the beehive should protrude 2-3 cm around the waterproof oil felt, and the bottom of the box should be retracted by 2-3 cm to prevent rainwater from soaking up and down the box. And to ensure that there is sufficient sunlight in front of the beehive door, with the help of the sun's ultraviolet rays to kill a variety of bacteria in the bee colony.
Second, the surrounding environment of the bee farm should be clean and hygienic, and there should be clean water sources nearby for bees to use. The dead branches and leaves, weeds, chickens, geese, pigs and sheep excrement and garbage around the bee farm should be cleaned frequently; the dead bees with diseased bees should be cleaned and buried far away to prevent repeated infection of the disease. And should regularly sprinkle some lime around the bee farm in spring, summer and autumn for disinfection and sterilization. It is best to have green trees for shade on the beehive, but it should not be covered with heavy shade.
Third, beehives, combs, bee utensils, honey shakers and honey containers should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. In spring and autumn every year, after scraping off the beehive's propolis, spleen, and wax debris, use a blowtorch flame to sterilize it; you can also knock the beehive upside down and use straw handles and waste newspapers to ignite and bake for one or two minutes to sterilize (be careful not to burn the box) . After scraping off the propolis, cutting off the male peaks at the lower corners and replacing the spleen, soak the spleen with 3% alkaline aqueous solution for 6-8 hours for sterilization and disinfection, and then rinse it with clean water and dry it before use. Other bee equipment can be cleaned and disinfected with 3% hot alkaline water.
Fourth, for all bee farms with a history of robe disease, in the early spring, late autumn and before wintering, the recurrence of sporidiosis should be prevented, and they should be fed with medicinal syrup (white sugar mixed with 1/2 of water), and each kilogram of syrup mixed with citric acid. 0.5-1 g, 5-100,000 units of chloramphenicol, or 2 g of Xinjieerguang (Xinjierzide should be used as needed), 30-50 grams per frame of bee, once every two days, 3 times in a row, can prevent Recurrence of sporozoites.
Fifth, it is necessary to raise strong flocks for many years, and keep honey and powder feet. Near the end of autumn and early winter, the weak groups below 5 boxes should all be merged.
Sixth, breeding disease-resistant bee species is another effective way to prevent sporozoites. When sporozoites occur in a bee farm, there is always a light or heavy among the colonies, and some colonies do not even have a single creeping bee, which provides conditions for breeding resistant species. Records should be made in time. When changing kings in spring, summer and autumn, choose disease-free colonies to raise the queen, and eliminate all diseased colonies. After several generations of selective breeding, sporozoite disease can be controlled.
